Physical Examination and Health Assessment 7th Edition Jarvis Test Bank

Physical Examination and Health Assessment 7th Edition Jarvis Test Bank

Chapter 01: Evidence-Based AssessmentJarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 7th EditionMULTIPLE CHOICE1. After completing an initial assessment of a patient, the nurse has charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58 beats per minute. These types of data would be:a.Objective.b.Reflective.c.Subjective.d.Introspective.ANS: AObjective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. Subjective data is what the person says about him or herself during history taking. The terms reflective and introspective are not used to describe data.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 2MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care2. A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, is nauseated, and “feels hot.” These types of data would be:a.Objective.b.Reflective.c.Subjective.d.Introspective.ANS: CSubjective data are what the person says about him or herself during history taking. Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The terms reflective and introspective are not used to describe data.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 2MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care3. The patient’s record, laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data combine to form the:a.Data base.b.Admitting data.c.Financial statement.d.Discharge summary.ANS: ATogether with the patient’s record and laboratory studies, the objective and subjective data form the data base. The other items are not part of the patient’s record, laboratory studies, or data.DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 2MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care4. When listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse is unsure of a sound that is heard. The nurse’s next action should be to:a.Immediately notify the patient’s physician.b.Document the sound exactly as it was heard.c.Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds.d.Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.ANS: CWhen unsure of a sound heard while listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the nurse has less experience in an area, then he or she asks an expert to listen.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 2MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care5. The nurse is conducting a class for new graduate nurses. During the teaching session, the nurse should keep in mind that novice nurses, without a background of skills and experience from which to draw, are more likely to make their decisions using:a.Intuition.b.A set of rules.c.Articles in journals.d.Advice from supervisors.ANS: BNovice nurses operate from a set of defined, structured rules. The expert practitioner uses intuitive links.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 3MSC: Client Needs: General6. Expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it. These responses are referred to as:a.Intuition.b.The nursing process.c.Clinical knowledge.d.Diagnostic reasoning.ANS: AIntuition is characterized by pattern recognition—expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it. The other options are not correct.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 4MSC: Client Needs: General7. The nurse is reviewing information about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which statement best reflects EBP?a.EBP relies on tradition for support of best practices.b.EBP is simply the use of best practice techniques for the treatment of patients.c.EBP emphasizes the use of best evidence with the clinician’s experience.d.The patient’s own preferences are not important with EBP.ANS: CEBP is a systematic approach to practice that emphasizes the use of best evidence in combination with the clinician’s experience, as well as patient preferences and values when making decisions about care and treatment. EBP is more than simply using the best practice techniques to treat patients, and questioning tradition is important when no compelling and supportive research evidence exists.DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: p. 5MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care8. The nurse is conducting a class on priority setting for a group of new graduate nurses. Which is an example of a first-level priority problem?a.Patient with postoperative painb.Newly diagnosed patient with diabetes who needs diabetic teachingc.Individual with a small laceration on the sole of the footd.Individuals with shortness of breath and respiratory distressANS: DFirst-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life-threatening, and immediate (e.g., establishing an airway, supporting breathing, maintaining circulation, monitoring abnormal vital signs) (see Table 1-1).DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 4MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care9. When considering the priority setting of problems, the nurse keeps in mind that second-level priority problems include which of these aspects?a.Low self-esteemb.Lack of knowledgec.Abnormal laboratory valuesd.Severely abnormal vital signsANS: CSecond-level priority problems are those that require prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration (e.g., mental status change, acute pain, abnormal laboratory values, risks to safety or security) (see Table 1-1).DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 4MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care10. Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse see relationships among the data?a.Validationb.Clustering related cuesc.Identifying gaps in datad.Distinguishing relevant from irrelevantANS: BClustering-related cues help the nurse see relationships among the data.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 2MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care